The exoplanet Kepler–22b was found through an indirect way of planet detection, …
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. the detection of distant exoplanets, too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field, rests on
B. the transit method’s search field is wide, as distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up by
C. the transit method, with its wide search field, picks up exoplanets that are too small to be sensed by
D. distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field through
Xin chào các em học sinh lớp 12! Hôm nay, cô và các em sẽ cùng nhau phân tích và giải một câu hỏi ngữ pháp tiếng Anh liên quan đến cách phát hiện ngoại hành tinh.
Đề bài:
The exoplanet Kepler–22b was found through an indirect way of planet detection, the transit method. Compared to that of the radial velocity method, _____ the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. the detection of distant exoplanets, too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field, rests on
B. the transit method’s search field is wide, as distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up by
C. the transit method, with its wide search field, picks up exoplanets that are too small to be sensed by
D. distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field through.
Phân tích đề bài:
Đoạn văn đang so sánh phương pháp vận chuyển (transit method) với phương pháp vận tốc xuyên tâm (radial velocity method). Câu đầu tiên giới thiệu về Kepler–22b được phát hiện bằng phương pháp vận chuyển.
Phần gạch chân cần điền vào chỗ trống để hoàn thành câu, đồng thời đảm bảo đúng ngữ pháp và ngữ nghĩa.
Cấu trúc câu đang sử dụng là: “Compared to that of the radial velocity method, _____ the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
Chúng ta cần một chủ ngữ và động từ phù hợp để tạo thành một mệnh đề hoặc một cụm từ bổ nghĩa cho câu chính, và nó phải liên quan đến việc phát hiện các ngoại hành tinh thông qua “small dips in light” (những sụt giảm nhỏ về ánh sáng).
Phân tích từng lựa chọn:
Lựa chọn A: “the detection of distant exoplanets, too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field, rests on”
Nếu điền A vào chỗ trống, câu sẽ trở thành: “Compared to that of the radial velocity method, the detection of distant exoplanets, too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field, rests on the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
Ở đây, “rests on” có nghĩa là “dựa vào”, “phụ thuộc vào”. Tuy nhiên, vế “too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field” (quá nhỏ để có thể cảm nhận trong trường tìm kiếm rộng của phương pháp vận chuyển) lại mâu thuẫn với ý tưởng của phương pháp vận chuyển là phát hiện những hành tinh, dù nhỏ, thông qua sự sụt giảm ánh sáng.
Thêm vào đó, cấu trúc này không hoàn chỉnh vì nó thiếu động từ chính cho chủ ngữ “the detection of distant exoplanets” trong mệnh đề phụ được so sánh. Nó dường như đang cố gắng định nghĩa phương pháp vận chuyển, nhưng cách diễn đạt chưa hợp lý.
Lựa chọn B: “the transit method’s search field is wide, as distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up by”
Nếu điền B vào chỗ trống, câu sẽ trở thành: “Compared to that of the radial velocity method, the transit method’s search field is wide, as distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up by the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
Cấu trúc “as” ở đây có thể mang nghĩa là “bởi vì” hoặc “như là”. Nếu là “bởi vì”, thì câu này có nghĩa là “trường tìm kiếm của phương pháp vận chuyển rộng, bởi vì các ngoại hành tinh quá nhỏ để cảm nhận được bởi những sụt giảm ánh sáng…”. Điều này không hợp lý. Phương pháp vận chuyển phát hiện các hành tinh thông qua sụt giảm ánh sáng, chứ không phải “sụt giảm ánh sáng” lại phát hiện ra các hành tinh.
Nếu “as” là “như là”, thì câu trở nên khó hiểu và không diễn đạt được ý so sánh rõ ràng.
Hơn nữa, việc nói “distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up by the small dips in light” là sai về mặt ngữ nghĩa. Chính “small dips in light” là tín hiệu để phát hiện ra các exoplanets.
Lựa chọn C: “the transit method, with its wide search field, picks up exoplanets that are too small to be sensed by”
Nếu điền C vào chỗ trống, câu sẽ trở thành: “Compared to that of the radial velocity method, the transit method, with its wide search field, picks up exoplanets that are too small to be sensed by the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
Câu này có vẻ hợp lý hơn. Nó giới thiệu phương pháp vận chuyển, mô tả nó có “wide search field” (trường tìm kiếm rộng), và động từ chính là “picks up” (thu nhận, phát hiện). Tuy nhiên, vế “exoplanets that are too small to be sensed by the small dips in light” lại có vấn đề. Theo phương pháp vận chuyển, chính “small dips in light” là tín hiệu để phát hiện ra các ngoại hành tinh, chứ ngoại hành tinh thì không “too small to be sensed by the small dips in light”. Tức là, nếu ngoại hành tinh quá nhỏ đến mức không gây ra sự sụt giảm ánh sáng đáng kể, thì phương pháp này sẽ không phát hiện ra nó.
Cách diễn đạt này làm cho ý nghĩa bị đảo ngược.
Lựa chọn D: “distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field through.”
Nếu điền D vào chỗ trống, câu sẽ trở thành: “Compared to that of the radial velocity method, distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field through the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
Chúng ta hãy phân tích cấu trúc này.
“distant exoplanets too small to be sensed” – đây là chủ ngữ.
“are picked up” – đây là động từ bị động.
“within the transit method’s wide search field” – đây là trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn.
“through the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars” – đây là một cụm giới từ chỉ phương tiện/cách thức.
Khi đặt vào câu:
“Compared to that of the radial velocity method, distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field through the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
Chúng ta cần xem xét xem phần “distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field through.” có thể được bổ sung bởi “the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars” một cách hợp lý hay không.
Tuy nhiên, cách diễn đạt “distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field through.” khi đứng một mình và cần điền vào chỗ trống là chưa hoàn chỉnh. Cụm “through.” ở cuối là thừa và không cần thiết.
Chúng ta quay lại câu gốc: “Compared to that of the radial velocity method, _____ the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
Chúng ta cần một cấu trúc mô tả phương pháp vận chuyển và cách nó hoạt động, để so sánh với phương pháp vận tốc xuyên tâm.
Hãy xem xét lại câu gốc và các lựa chọn, có thể có một lỗi đánh máy hoặc cách diễn đạt chưa tối ưu trong đề bài hoặc các lựa chọn.
Xem xét lại ý nghĩa của phương pháp vận chuyển: Phương pháp vận chuyển phát hiện ngoại hành tinh bằng cách quan sát sự sụt giảm ánh sáng khi hành tinh đi ngang qua trước ngôi sao của nó. Do đó, phương pháp này phụ thuộc vào việc phát hiện những “sụt giảm ánh sáng nhỏ”.
Bây giờ, chúng ta cần một lựa chọn mà làm cho mệnh đề sau “Compared to that of the radial velocity method,” có một chủ ngữ và động từ phù hợp, và ý nghĩa là phương pháp vận chuyển phát hiện các hành tinh thông qua sự sụt giảm ánh sáng.
Hãy thử một cách diễn đạt khác:
The transit method detects exoplanets by observing the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.
So sánh với phương pháp vận tốc xuyên tâm, phương pháp vận chuyển phát hiện những sụt giảm ánh sáng nhỏ…
Chúng ta hãy giả định rằng “the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars” là phần bổ nghĩa cho phần còn thiếu.
Vậy, chúng ta cần một chủ ngữ và động từ để nói rằng “phương pháp vận chuyển” hoặc “việc phát hiện bằng phương pháp vận chuyển” liên quan đến “small dips in light”.
Xem xét lại Lựa chọn C một lần nữa:
“the transit method, with its wide search field, picks up exoplanets that are too small to be sensed by”
Nếu chúng ta bỏ đi “by” ở cuối và thêm “the small dips in light” vào:
“the transit method, with its wide search field, picks up exoplanets that are too small to be sensed, relying on the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
Nhưng lựa chọn C là:
“the transit method, with its wide search field, picks up exoplanets that are too small to be sensed by”
Nếu điền C, câu là: “Compared to that of the radial velocity method, the transit method, with its wide search field, picks up exoplanets that are too small to be sensed by the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
Ý này vẫn chưa đúng. “picks up exoplanets … by the small dips in light” thì đúng.
Chỗ trống cần điền vào là để so sánh.
Hãy xem xét lại cấu trúc câu gốc.
“Compared to that of the radial velocity method, _____ the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
Đây có thể là một cấu trúc bị động hoặc một cấu trúc nhấn mạnh.
Xem xét Lựa chọn D một lần nữa, nhưng bỏ “through.” ở cuối:
Lựa chọn D ban đầu là: “distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field through.”
Nếu chúng ta bỏ “through.” và xem xét:
“distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field” – Đây là một mệnh đề hoàn chỉnh.
Tuy nhiên, nó đang cần điền vào sau “Compared to that of the radial velocity method,”
Vậy câu sẽ là: “Compared to that of the radial velocity method, distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
Cấu trúc này không hợp lý. “within the transit method’s wide search field the small dips…” không tạo thành một cụm từ có nghĩa.
Có lẽ, câu hỏi này đang tìm một cách diễn đạt nhấn mạnh vai trò của “small dips in light”.
Xét lại lựa chọn A: “the detection of distant exoplanets, too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field, rests on”
Câu: “Compared to that of the radial velocity method, the detection of distant exoplanets, too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field, rests on the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
Ý nghĩa: “So với phương pháp vận tốc xuyên tâm, việc phát hiện các ngoại hành tinh xa, quá nhỏ để có thể cảm nhận trong trường tìm kiếm rộng của phương pháp vận chuyển, dựa vào những sụt giảm ánh sáng nhỏ gây ra bởi các ngoại hành tinh này khi chúng đi ngang qua các ngôi sao gần đó.”
Vấn đề ở đây là vế “too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field” lại đi ngược lại ý nghĩa. Phương pháp vận chuyển justement tìm cách phát hiện các hành tinh, dù nhỏ.
Quan sát các lựa chọn một lần nữa, có khả năng có một cách diễn đạt khác đang được áp dụng.
Let’s re-examine the provided text and options carefully, focusing on how the missing part should connect the comparison to the observation of “small dips in light”.
The phrase “Compared to that of the radial velocity method,” sets up a comparison. The part after the blank should explain what the transit method does in relation to “the small dips in light”.
Let’s consider the possibility that the blank should introduce the subject that relies on or observes the small dips in light.
Consider option A again:
“the detection of distant exoplanets, too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field, rests on”
If this is inserted, the sentence becomes:
“Compared to that of the radial velocity method, the detection of distant exoplanets, too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field, rests on the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
The core meaning here is that the detection rests on the small dips in light. However, the phrase “too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field” is problematic. The transit method is designed to sense even relatively small dips caused by exoplanets. So, an exoplanet being “too small to be sensed” contradicts the premise of the method’s effectiveness.
Let’s reconsider the options, assuming there might be a specific grammatical structure they are aiming for.
Let’s look at the structure implied by option D:
“distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field through.”
If we interpret the blank as needing to complete a phrase that describes the transit method’s ability or focus, relating it to the dips in light.
Let’s assume the question intends to convey that the transit method’s strength lies in its ability to detect these dips.
Let’s re-evaluate option D, assuming “through” at the end of the option is part of the intended structure:
D. distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field through.
If we insert D, the sentence is:
“Compared to that of the radial velocity method, distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field through the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
This creates a grammatically awkward and semantically confusing sentence. “through the small dips in light” implies the dips are the means by which the exoplanets are picked up. However, the phrase “distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up… through” doesn’t make logical sense. The exoplanets are picked up because of the dips, not picked up through the dips in this construction.
Let’s reconsider the possibility of an error in the question or options, or that I am misinterpreting the intent of “Compared to that of the radial velocity method”.
Often, “Compared to X, Y does Z” means that Y’s Z is being highlighted in contrast to X.
So, “Compared to the radial velocity method, [something related to the transit method] the small dips in light…”
Let’s look at the options again, trying to make them fit as the subject/verb phrase that operates on “the small dips in light”.
Option C: “the transit method, with its wide search field, picks up exoplanets that are too small to be sensed by”
If we complete this with “the small dips in light”:
“the transit method, with its wide search field, picks up exoplanets that are too small to be sensed by the small dips in light…”
This is still semantically incorrect. The dips are the means of detection, not something that senses the planets.
Let’s assume the blank needs to provide a predicate for the comparison, and the rest of the sentence “the small dips in light…” describes what is being observed/detected.**
Let’s look at Option A again:
“the detection of distant exoplanets, too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field, rests on”
This option tries to define what the “detection” rests on. It implies the detection rests on the small dips in light.
However, the phrase “too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field” is still the main issue.
Let’s consider a possibility where the option itself needs to form a complete clause or phrase that logically follows “Compared to that of the radial velocity method,” and leads into “the small dips in light…”
Let’s re-read the question’s prompt:
“Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?”
Given the options, and the typical way these questions are structured, we are likely looking for a subject and verb that makes sense in the context of comparing methods and observing light dips.
Let’s consider the possibility that the intended correct answer relies on a slightly more nuanced or perhaps less direct phrasing.
Let’s assume there’s a standard phrasing for comparing scientific methods in this context.
Let’s look at the options one last time, focusing on constructing a grammatically sound sentence.
If we consider Option A again:
“the detection of distant exoplanets, too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field, rests on”
The sentence would be:
“Compared to that of the radial velocity method, the detection of distant exoplanets, too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field, rests on the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
While the phrase “too small to be sensed” is still awkward in the context of the transit method itself detecting them, the structure “rests on” is grammatically sound as a verb for “the detection”. The core idea is that the detection relies on the light dips. The problematic part is the qualification of the exoplanets.
Let’s look closely at the wording in option A: “in the transit method’s wide search field”. This implies that within the broad area the transit method searches, some exoplanets might be too small to be detected.
Let’s assume the question is testing the understanding of the mechanism. The transit method detects the small dips. The detection relies on these dips.
Given the provided choices, and the common structure of such questions, we need to find an option that:
- Forms a grammatically complete and sensible statement when inserted.
- Logically connects to the preceding comparative phrase (“Compared to that of the radial velocity method,”).
- Logically connects to the subsequent phrase (“the small dips in light…”).
Let’s reconsider Option D with a slight adjustment in interpretation.
D. distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field through.
If we assume the blank is meant to introduce the means by which these exoplanets are detected, and “through” is intended to introduce that means.
So, “Compared to that of the radial velocity method, [what about the transit method] the small dips in light…”
Let’s try to construct the sentence assuming Option A is the intended answer, despite the awkwardness of “too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field”.
“Compared to that of the radial velocity method, the detection of distant exoplanets, too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field, rests on the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
The sentence structure is: Compared to X, Subject (the detection of distant exoplanets…) Verb (rests on) Object (the small dips in light…).
This structure is grammatically valid.
The semantic issue remains: why would the transit method’s detection be described as for exoplanets “too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field”? This phrase implies a limitation that isn’t the primary characteristic being highlighted when comparing detection methods.
Let’s look at the possibility that the question is flawed or designed to be tricky. However, we must select the best option.
Let’s consider the core action: the transit method detects planets via light dips. The detection is based on these dips.
Let’s re-evaluate option D, assuming the “through” at the end is indeed part of the structure intended to connect to the dips.
D. distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field through.
If we read it as: “Compared to that of the radial velocity method, [through which] distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field through the small dips in light…” This is becoming too convoluted.
Let’s go back to the most straightforward interpretation of a comparative sentence.
Compared to X, Y does Z.
Here, X is the radial velocity method. Y is the transit method (or something representing it). Z is what it does related to light dips.
Let’s consider Option C again:
“the transit method, with its wide search field, picks up exoplanets that are too small to be sensed by”
If we assume the sentence should end by saying “by the small dips in light”, this would be:
“Compared to that of the radial velocity method, the transit method, with its wide search field, picks up exoplanets that are too small to be sensed by the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
This is still semantically incorrect. The planets are not “too small to be sensed by the small dips”.
Let’s consider the possibility that the question is poorly phrased and the options are not ideal. However, we are forced to choose the best fit.
Let’s focus on the grammatical structure and how it connects the comparison to the observation of light dips.
Reconsidering Option A: “the detection of distant exoplanets, too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field, rests on”
This option provides a subject (“the detection…”) and a verb (“rests on”). It logically leads to “the small dips in light” as the object of “rests on”. The awkwardness of “too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field” might be a distractor or a poorly worded attempt to describe the limitations of detecting very small planets, even with a wide search field.
Let’s look at how other options fail more critically:
B. “the transit method’s search field is wide, as distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up by” – This doesn’t flow well and uses “as” ambiguously.
C. “the transit method, with its wide search field, picks up exoplanets that are too small to be sensed by” – Creates semantic issues with “sensed by the small dips”.
D. “distant exoplanets too small to be sensed are picked up within the transit method’s wide search field through.” – Grammatically incomplete and semantically awkward.
Therefore, despite its flaws, Option A provides the most grammatically coherent and semantically plausible completion for the sentence, assuming “rests on” is the intended verb for the “detection”. The core idea is that the detection of exoplanets relies on observing the small dips in light.
Kết luận:
Sau khi phân tích kỹ lưỡng, lựa chọn A, mặc dù có phần diễn đạt hơi khó hiểu ở cụm “too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field”, lại là lựa chọn cung cấp cấu trúc ngữ pháp vững chắc nhất và có ý nghĩa hợp lý nhất trong bối cảnh câu hỏi.
Câu hoàn chỉnh sẽ là:
“Compared to that of the radial velocity method, the detection of distant exoplanets, too small to be sensed in the transit method’s wide search field, rests on the small dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars.”
Ý nghĩa: So với phương pháp vận tốc xuyên tâm, việc phát hiện các ngoại hành tinh xa, dù quá nhỏ để có thể cảm nhận trong trường tìm kiếm rộng của phương pháp vận chuyển, lại dựa vào những sụt giảm ánh sáng nhỏ gây ra bởi các ngoại hành tinh này khi chúng đi ngang qua các ngôi sao gần đó.
Đáp án chính xác là A.
Đáp án: C
Giải thích các bước giải:
– Câu đề bài kết thúc bằng cụm “…. snall dips in light caused by these exoplanets passing in front of nearby stars”
– Trong tiếng anh, cụm từ đứng sau dấu phẩy ở cuối câu thường bổ nghĩa cho danh từ trước đó
– Xét đáp án C: câu này bắt phải hiểu ngầm là các hành tinh quá nhỏ để phương pháp “radial velocity” nhận ra, nhưng lại được phương pháp “transit”nhận ra bằng cách đo lường sự sụt giảm ánh sáng
Đáp án: C. The transit method, with its wide search flield, picks up explanets that are too small to be sensed by.
Because:
– Chủ ngữ chính của mệnh đề sau dấu phẩy là ”the transit method ”, giúp so sánh trực tiếp tương đương với ” that of he radial velocity methom ” ở vế đầu.
Chúc bạn học tốt nha!
Trợ Lý Xưởng In Thiên Nam
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